AI Research Is Getting Harder to Separate From Geopolitics | WIREDSkip to main contentMenuSECURITYPOLITICSTHE BIG STORYBUSINESSSCIENCECULTUREREVIEWSMenuAccountAccountNewslettersSecurityPoliticsThe Big StoryBusinessScienceCultureReviewsChevronMoreExpandThe Big InterviewMagazineEventsWIRED InsiderWIRED ConsultingNewslettersPodcastsVideoLivestreamsMerchSearchSearchWill Knight Zeyi YangBusinessMar 27, 2026 5:46 PMAI Research Is Getting Harder to Separate From GeopoliticsA policy change announced by NeurIPS, the world’s leading AI research conference, drew widespread backlash from Chinese researchers this week and then was quickly reversed.Photo-Illustration: WIRED Staff; Getty ImagesCommentLoaderSave StorySave this storyCommentLoaderSave StorySave this storyThe world’s top AI research conference, the Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems—better known as NeurIPS—became the latest organization this week to become embroiled in a growing clash between geopolitics and global scientific collaboration. The conference’s organizers announced and then quickly reversed controversial new restrictions for international participants after Chinese AI researchers threatened to boycott the event.“This is a potential watershed moment,” says Paul Triolo, a partner at the advisory firm DGA-Albright Stonebridge who studies US-China relations. Triolo argues that attracting Chinese researchers to NeurIPS is beneficial to US interests, but some American officials have pushed for American and Chinese scientists to decouple their work—especially in AI, which has become a particularly sensitive topic in Washington.The incident could deepen political tensions around AI research, as well as dissuade Chinese scientists from working at US universities and tech companies in the future. “At some level now it is going to be hard to keep basic AI research out of the [political] picture,” Triolo says.In its annual handbook for paper submissions, issued in mid-March, NeurIPS organizers announced updated restrictions for participation. The rules stated that the event could not provide services including “peer review, editing, and publishing” to any organizations subject to US sanctions, and linked to a database of sanctioned entities. It included companies and organizations on the Bureau of Industry and Security’s entity list and those on another list with alleged ties to the Chinese military.The new rules would have affected researchers at Chinese companies like Tencent and Huawei who regularly present work at NeurIPS. The database also includes entities from other countries such as Russia and Iran. The US places limits on doing business with these organizations, but there are no rules around academic publishing or conference participation.The NeurIPS handbook has since been updated to specify that the restrictions apply only to Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons, a list used primarily for terrorist groups and criminal organizations.“In preparing the NeurIPS 2026 handbook, we included a link to a US government sanctions tool that covers a significantly broader set of restrictions than those NeurIPS is actually required to follow,” the event’s organizers said in a statement issued Friday. “This error was due to miscommunication between the NeurIPS Foundation and our legal team.”Before they reversed course, the conference organizers initially said that the new rule was “about legal requirements that apply to the NeurIPS Foundation, which is responsible for complying with sanctions,” adding that it was seeking legal consultation on the issue.Immediate BacklashThe new rule drew swift backlash from AI researchers around the world, particularly in China, which produces a large quantity of cutting-edge machine learning papers and is home to a growing share of the world’s top AI talent. Several academic groups there issued statements condemning the measure and, more importantly, discouraging Chinese academics from attending NeurIPS in the future. Some urged Chinese academics to contribute instead to domestic research conferences, potentially helping increase the country’s influence in relevant science and tech fields.The China Association of Science and Technology (CAST), an influential government-affiliated organization for scientists and engineers, said Thursday that it would stop providing funding for Chinese scholars traveling to attend NeurIPS and would use the money instead to support domestic and international conferences that “respect the rights of Chinese scholars.”CAST also said it will no longer count publications at the 2026 NeurIPS conference as academic achievements when evaluating future research funding. It’s unclear if the organization will reverse course now that NeurIPS has walked back the new rule.At least six scholars have publicly said they turned down invitations to serve as area chairs at NeurIPS this year due to the sanctions policy. Others said they would decline to participate as paper reviewers.“I have served as [area chair] for NeurIPS every year since 2020. Just declined,” Nan Jiang, a machine learning researcher at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, said in a social media post. “At least the organizers owe the community an explanation why they are the only major ML venue adopting such a policy.”“That’s one less area chair responsibility for me. If I hadn’t already committed to colleagues, I wouldn’t submit a paper this year either,” wrote Yasin Abbasi-Yadkori, a researcher at the AI firm Sapient Intelligence.Fraught LinksThe controversy reflects the increasingly fraught political landscape that top researchers, many of whom have been long accustomed to collaborating with international colleagues, now have to navigate. Although progress in AI has often depended on this kind of openness, rising tensions between the US and China in recent years have significantly complicated the picture.Thousands of Chinese scientists take part in NeurIPS annually. In 2025, roughly half of the papers presented at the event came from researchers with a Chinese academic background, according to an analysis conducted by The Economist. Tsinghua University, widely considered the top university in China, was listed on 390 NeurIPS papers, more than any other institution or company. Researchers from Alibaba also received one of the conference’s best-paper awards for work related to the company’s open source AI model Qwen.A previous WIRED analysis shows that despite rising tensions between Washington and Beijing, US and Chinese researchers have largely continued to collaborate on work published at NeurIPS. But the latest sanctions saga could strain those ties.“NeurIPS’ prosperity comes from the joint efforts of researchers worldwide, and its growth and success have long been supported by sponsorships from some of the sanctioned entities too,” Yuliang Xiu, an assistant professor in digital graphics at the Westlake University in China, wrote on social media, adding that he had also declined an invitation to serve as an area chair at the conference.This is an edition of Zeyi Yang and Louise Matsakis’ Made in China newsletter. 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NeurIPS, the world’s leading AI research conference, has become embroiled in a complex geopolitical dispute, culminating in a swift and somewhat chaotic reversal of a controversial policy decision. Paul Triolo, a partner at DGA-Albright Stonebridge, characterizes this situation as a “watershed moment,” highlighting the increasing intertwining of geopolitics and global scientific collaboration within the field of artificial intelligence. The core issue revolves around NeurIPS’s newly implemented restrictions on international participation, a move that drew immediate and forceful backlash from Chinese AI researchers and, subsequently, prompted a rapid retraction by the conference organizers.

The organizers’ initial decision centered on a revised handbook for paper submissions that prohibited services, including peer review and publishing, to entities subject to US sanctions. This list encompassed companies and organizations on the Bureau of Industry and Security’s (BIS) entity list, alongside those suspected of ties to the Chinese military. Critically, this policy extended to research institutions and companies like Tencent and Huawei, frequently presenting at NeurIPS, and broadened the scope to include entities from Russia and Iran. While the US maintains restrictions on business dealings with these entities, it lacks specific rules governing academic publishing or conference participation. This created a significant grey area that exacerbated the tensions.

The rapid response from Chinese academic groups—including the China Association of Science and Technology (CAST)—demonstrated the sensitivity of the issue. CAST announced its intention to cease funding Chinese scholars’ attendance at NeurIPS and instead redirect those funds to support domestic and international conferences that respect the rights of Chinese scholars. Furthermore, CAST declared that participation in the 2026 NeurIPS conference would no longer be recognized as an academic achievement when evaluating future research funding. The exact implications of this decision remain to be seen, though it represents a deliberate effort to diminish NeurIPS’s perceived influence within the Chinese research community.

Six scholars publicly declined invitations to serve as area chairs at NeurIPS, citing the sanctions policy as a deterrent. Others, like Nan Jiang and Yasin Abbasi-Yadkori, indicated they would forgo submitting papers, reflecting a broader sentiment of disillusionment within the community. The controversy underscores the increasingly fraught political landscape for researchers, many accustomed to international collaboration, now navigating a world of heightened geopolitical tensions. The significant presence of Chinese researchers at NeurIPS—approximately half of the papers presented in 2025 came from this background—highlights the critical role these collaborations have played in AI development.

The NeurIPS organizers attributed the initial misstep to “miscommunication” regarding the application of US sanctions, clarifying that the restrictions were specifically intended for entities listed under “Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons.” However, this explanation did little to quell the criticism, particularly as it highlighted a fundamental disconnect between the event’s stated intentions and the perceived implications of the policy. The episode reveals a significant strategic misstep by organizers and represents an acknowledgement of what appears to be the growing political constraints being placed on scientific collaboration. The shift in policy underscores a broader trend of governments attempting to regulate and control access to AI research, particularly in strategically important areas like artificial intelligence.