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Ebola Outbreak Now Third Largest Recorded and "Spreading Rapidly"

Recorded: May 23, 2026, 4:58 p.m.

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Ebola outbreak now third largest recorded and "spreading rapidly" - Ars Technica

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Lack of compassion

Ebola outbreak now third largest recorded and “spreading rapidly”

Ebola outbreak risk level increased as deaths reach 177 with nearly 750 cases.

Beth Mole


May 22, 2026 6:24 pm

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Medical personnel at CBCA Virunga Hospital wear gowns, masks, and protective gear as they prepare an isolation room for a female patient placed under 21-day observation in the suspected cases area in Goma, on May 21, 2026.


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Getty | Jospin Mwisha

Medical personnel at CBCA Virunga Hospital wear gowns, masks, and protective gear as they prepare an isolation room for a female patient placed under 21-day observation in the suspected cases area in Goma, on May 21, 2026.


Credit:



Getty | Jospin Mwisha

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The Ebola outbreak erupting from the Ituri province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo continues to escalate wildly, with cases nearing 750, deaths reported at 177, and around 1,400 contacts now being traced, the World Health Organization reported in a press briefing Friday. The latest numbers already place the outbreak as the third largest on record, though it was only first reported a week ago, on May 15. And WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said the outbreak is still “spreading rapidly.”
A revised WHO assessment has moved the risk level from “high” to “very high” at the national level, while risk remains “high” at the regional level and “low” at the global level, Tedros added.
WHO officials have acknowledged that a delay in detecting and responding to the outbreak enabled it to balloon, and that they are now racing to get ahead of the virus.
WHO representative Dr. Anne Ancia spoke during today’s briefing from the DRC, saying that when officials got to the area, they found the virus was “already rampant and silently disseminating for a few weeks already.” In the outbreak investigation so far, the earliest known suspected case was in a health worker, who developed symptoms on April 24 in Bunia, the capital city of Ituri. WHO only got word of a potential outbreak on May 5, with news of a cluster of deadly, unidentified infections that led to the deaths of four health workers. By the time a WHO team arrived, there were already 80 cases.
“Now we are sprinting behind [the virus] so that we can really try to control this outbreak, and because it is still transmitting for the time being, yes, the number [of cases] will keep rising for some time until we are really able to put all the response operation in place,” she said.
Their work is made harder by various challenges. The virus behind the Ebola outbreak is the uncommon Bundibugyo virus, which doesn’t have established vaccines or therapeutics. That leaves active case finding, isolation, and contact tracing as the primary tools to halt the spread. Moreover, the virus is spreading in areas with armed conflict, intense population mobility, weak health systems, and where millions face acute hunger and need humanitarian assistance.

Disease of compassion
As WHO and other partners scramble to prevent more deadly infections, public health experts in the US are criticizing the Trump administration’s role. The US had long been a global leader in Ebola responses in the region. But that is no longer the case given the Trump administration’s demolition of the US Agency for International Development (USAID), severe cuts to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, numerous public health leadership roles vacant, and complete withdrawal from the WHO.
In a New York Times opinion piece Thursday, Craig Spencer—an emergency medicine doctor and Brown University professor, who contracted Ebola while treating patients in Guinea in 2014 with Doctors Without Borders—wrote that the US has “abdicated its longstanding role as a leader in global health and humanitarian response.”
“I know how destructive the disease can be—and how unprepared we are for its return,” he wrote.
He noted reporting from the Times finding that the delay in detecting the outbreak was, in part, due to samples from infected patients being transported to a national lab in Kinshasa, Congo, at the wrong temperature. That task had previously been managed by USAID. The Times also reported that the US previously played a crucial role in logistics and delivering supplies, notably personal protective equipment, such as face shields, respirators, impermeable coveralls, and surgical hoods—supplies that health workers in DRC lacked for weeks at the start of the outbreak.
“My heart is breaking for those workers,” Megan Fotheringham, who was USAID’s deputy director of infectious diseases, including during the Ebola outbreak in Ituri between 2018 and 2020. “They are not protected, and they are putting their lives on the line.” She told the Times that if USAID was able to continue its work, it could have moved stockpiles of personal protective equipment within hours.

Spencer noted that he and others often refer to Ebola as a disease of compassion because it spreads via bodily fluids to those who have intimate contact with victims. “This means parents taking care of their sick children, family members who wash the bodies of their dead relatives, and health care providers who take care of patients at the most contagious stage of their illness,” he wrote. He recalled a family of seven being infected, with the parents caring for their children while battling the disease themselves, and only the parents survived.

Panic and neglect
Epidemiologists Katelyn Jetelina and Emily Smith pointed out Friday that, while the disease is one spread by compassion, this outbreak seems to be spreading by “the global withdrawal of it.”
In a CDC press briefing Friday morning, Satish Pillai, incident manager for CDC’s Ebola response, said that the US is ramping up resources and sending more field staff to the outbreak area. The Trump administration has also said it is funding the establishment of up to 50 treatment clinics in Ebola-affected regions of the DRC and Uganda. But Uganda, which has only reported two imported cases from DRC, responded by saying it was “not aware” of any such plans.
Pillai again dodged questions on why an American doctor infected in the outbreak and another exposed were sent to Germany and the Czech Republic, respectively, and not to the US. He also skirted questions about the US’s travel restrictions, which have also been criticized by public health experts.
With the US withdrawal from global health, the WHO has struggled to make up for the loss of funding and support. At the end of the press briefing, WHO officials were asked what the Ebola outbreak response was expected to cost and if the agency would have enough funds to cover it. Epidemic and pandemic management director Maria Van Kerkhove said the agency is still working on an estimate, but added that while funding was a challenge right now, the focus shouldn’t be on response costs.
“There’s billions of dollars that are spent on war every single day,” Van Kerkhove said. “So, there’s plenty of money that can be handled for this. And what is extremely frustrating is that money will come for a response. But what we actually need money for … is prevention. This constant, steady stream of funding to support national governments in the capacities that they have across surveillance, detection, research, infection prevention, control, workforce, building trust in communities, et cetera, regularly as opposed to going into this cycle of panic and neglect.”

Beth Mole

Senior Health Reporter

Beth Mole

Senior Health Reporter

Beth is Ars Technica’s Senior Health Reporter. Beth has a Ph.D. in microbiology from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and attended the Science Communication program at the University of California, Santa Cruz. She specializes in covering infectious diseases, public health, and microbes.

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The Ebola outbreak originating in the Ituri province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo is currently escalating rapidly, with reported figures reaching nearly 750 cases and 177 deaths, marking it as the third largest recorded outbreak. The World Health Organization reported that the outbreak is still spreading rapidly, prompting a revised assessment of risk levels, moving the national level from high to very high, while regional risk remains high and global risk is low. Health officials acknowledged that delays in detection and response allowed the outbreak to significantly inflate in size, and they are currently prioritizing catching up to control the transmission. The investigation indicated that the earliest suspected case involved a health worker in the capital city of Ituri, and the WHO only became aware of the cluster of deadly infections after news surfaced of four health workers dying, which occurred after the outbreak began to disseminate.

The control of the Ebola virus, identified as the uncommon Bundibugyo virus, is complicated by the lack of established vaccines or therapeutics, making active case finding, isolation, and contact tracing the primary strategies for halting the spread. Furthermore, the virus thrives in environments characterized by armed conflict, intense population mobility, weakened health systems, and widespread acute hunger, adding significant complexity to the public health response.

Public health experts have raised substantial concerns regarding the role of the United States in the global response. They contend that the US has abdicated its historical leadership in Ebola responses following the Trump administration's actions, including the dismantling of the US Agency for International Development (USAID), severe reductions in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention funding, the vacancy of numerous public health leadership positions, and the complete withdrawal from the World Health Organization. Experts suggest that this withdrawal has hindered efforts, as logistics, such as transporting samples to national laboratories and delivering essential personal protective equipment to health workers in the DRC, were previously managed by the US. The delay in detecting the initial outbreak was partly attributed to issues with the proper temperature storage of samples, a task previously managed by USAID.

The nature of the disease is often described as a disease of compassion because it spreads through bodily fluids to those in intimate contact with victims, affecting family members, caregivers, and healthcare providers during the most contagious stages of the illness. Epidemiologists argue that the current spread is more accurately reflective of a "global withdrawal" of support rather than directed medical action. While the US administration has committed funding for establishing treatment clinics in affected regions, the World Health Organization has faced challenges in securing adequate funding for the response, leading experts to stress that future funding should prioritize prevention, surveillance, and sustained support for national governments in detection and workforce development, rather than solely focusing on emergency reaction.