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Laravel Lang packages hijacked to deploy credential-stealing malware

Recorded: May 23, 2026, 8:57 p.m.

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Laravel Lang packages hijacked to deploy credential-stealing malware

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HomeNewsSecurityLaravel Lang packages hijacked to deploy credential-stealing malware

Laravel Lang packages hijacked to deploy credential-stealing malware

By Lawrence Abrams

May 23, 2026
04:48 PM
0

A supply chain attack targeting the Laravel Lang localization packages has exposed developers to a sophisticated credential-stealing malware campaign after attackers abused GitHub version tags to distribute malicious code through Composer packages.
Security firms StepSecurity, Aikido Security, and Socket warned about the compromise on Friday, warning that attackers had rewritten GitHub tags across four repositories maintained by the Laravel Lang organization rather than publishing entirely new malicious versions.
The affected packages include laravel-lang/lang, laravel-lang/http-statuses, laravel-lang/attributes, and possibly laravel-lang/actions. The Laravel Lang packages are third-party localization packages and are not part of the official Laravel project.
According to Aikido, the attackers compromised 233 versions across three repositories, while Socket said roughly 700 historical versions may have been impacted. 
What made the attack stand out is that the actual project's source code was not modified to include malicious code, but instead the attackers abused a GitHub feature that allows tags to point to commits in forks of the same repository.
"Rather than publishing a new malicious version, the attacker rewrote every existing git tag in each repository to point at a new malicious commit," explained StepSecurity.
"The rewrites started at 22:32 UTC against laravel-lang/lang (the flagship Laravel translations package, with 502 tags) and finished by 00:00 UTC against laravel-lang/actions. All four repositories share the same fake author identity, the same modified files, and the same payload behavior, which makes them almost certainly the work of one actor using one compromised credential with org wide push access."
This allowed the attackers to publish what appeared to be legitimate release tags for the project, which actually led to malicious commits stored in an attacker-controlled fork of the repository.
When developers installed the package via Composer, it would download the malicious code while it appeared to install legitimate Laravel Lang releases.
Executes a credential-stealer
The researchers found that the malicious releases introduced a malicious file named 'src/helpers.php', which was automatically loaded by Composer.

helpers.php payload added to autoload section of composer.json
The injected code acted as a dropper that downloaded a second payload from the attacker's command and control server at flipboxstudio[.]info.
The downloaded PHP payload [VirusTotal] was a large cross-platform credential stealer for Linux, macOS, and Windows that harvests cloud credentials, Kubernetes secrets, Vault tokens, Git credentials, CI/CD secrets, SSH keys, browser data, cryptocurrency wallets, password managers, VPN configurations, and local `.env` configuration files. 
The malware also contains regular expression patterns used to extract AWS keys, GitHub tokens, Slack tokens, Stripe secrets, database credentials, JWTs, SSH private keys, and cryptocurrency recovery phrases from files and environment variables. 

Regular expression patterns used to steal secretsSource: BleepingComputer
On Windows systems, the PHP payload also extracts a base64-encoded executable [VirusTotal] embedded within the file, which is written to the %TEMP% folder as a random .exe filename, and then launched.
BleepingComputer's analysis of the Windows infostealer shows it is named 'DebugElevator' and designed to target Chrome, Brave, and Edge, and extract App-Bound Encryption keys needed to decrypt stored browser credentials.

DebugElevator executableSource: BleepingComputer
An embedded PDB path also references the Windows account name 'Mero' and contains 'claude,' potentially indicating that AI was used to assist in developing the Windows malware.

C:\Users\Mero\OneDrive\Desktop\stuff\claude\Chromium-DebugElevator\x64\Release\DebugChromium.pdb
The researchers say that once the sensitive data has been extracted, the malware encrypts it and sends it back to the C2 server.
Aikido says they reported the incident to Packagist, which responded quickly by removing the malicious versions and temporarily unlisting the affected packages to prevent additional installations.
Developers using Laravel Lang packages are advised to review installed package versions, rotate exposed credentials, inspect systems for indicators of compromise, and, if possible, check for historical outbound connections to flipboxstudio[.]info.

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Lawrence Abrams
Lawrence Abrams is the owner and Editor in Chief of BleepingComputer.com. Lawrence's area of expertise includes Windows, malware removal, and computer forensics. Lawrence Abrams is a co-author of the Winternals Defragmentation, Recovery, and Administration Field Guide and the technical editor for Rootkits for Dummies.

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A supply chain attack was executed against the Laravel Lang localization packages, leading to a sophisticated campaign designed to steal credentials by deploying malware. This vulnerability exploited the mechanism by which attackers leveraged GitHub version tags to distribute malicious code through Composer packages. Security firms, including StepSecurity, Aikido Security, and Socket, alerted the community regarding this compromise. The affected packages included laravel-lang/lang, laravel-lang/http-statuses, laravel-lang/attributes, and potentially laravel-lang/actions, which are third-party localization packages not belonging to the official Laravel project.

The method employed by the attackers was notable because they did not publish entirely new malicious versions but instead manipulated existing GitHub tags across four repositories managed by the Laravel Lang organization. StepSecurity explained that the attackers rewrote every existing git tag in these repositories to point to commits in an attacker-controlled fork. This technique allowed the attackers to publish what appeared to be legitimate release tags, which ultimately directed developers to download malicious commits when they installed the packages via Composer.

When developers installed these compromised packages, the malicious releases introduced a file named src/helpers.php, which was automatically loaded by the Composer process. This injected code functioned as a dropper, initiating the download of a secondary payload from the attacker's command and control server located at flipboxstudio[.]info.

The downloaded PHP payload was a cross-platform credential stealer capable of harvesting a wide array of sensitive information across Linux, macOS, and Windows systems. The malware targets various secrets, including cloud credentials, Kubernetes secrets, Vault tokens, Git credentials, CI/CD secrets, SSH keys, browser data, cryptocurrency wallets, password managers, and local environment configuration files, such as .env files. Furthermore, the payload contains regular expression patterns explicitly designed to extract sensitive data like AWS keys, GitHub tokens, Slack tokens, Stripe secrets, database credentials, JSON Web Tokens, SSH private keys, and cryptocurrency recovery phrases from files and environment variables.

On Windows systems, the PHP payload also extracts a base64-encoded executable, named DebugElevator, which is written to the temporary folder and subsequently launched. This executable is specifically designed to target browsers such as Chrome, Brave, and Edge to extract App-Bound Encryption keys necessary for decrypting stored browser credentials. Forensic analysis indicated that the malware references the Windows account name 'Mero' and contained references to 'claude' in its path, suggesting potential assistance from artificial intelligence in its development. Once the sensitive data was extracted, the malware encrypted it before transmitting it back to the command and control server.

In response to the incident, Aikido reported the compromise to Packagist, which responded by swiftly removing the malicious versions and temporarily delisting the affected packages to prevent further installations. Developers who utilized the Laravel Lang packages are strongly advised to review their installed package versions, rotate all exposed credentials, inspect their systems thoroughly for indicators of compromise, and check for any historical outbound network connections to flipboxstudio[.]info.