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A Eureka machine that thinks like nature and explores what AI cannot
Neuromorphic Ising machine implemented on an FPGA board rapidly explores rugged energy landscapes with exponentially many competing possibilities, enabling fast discovery of near-optimal solutions for complex optimisation problems such as protein folding, where the search evolves from an unfolded chain through intermediate molten-globule states toward the most stable folded structure.
The hardest computational problems are not waiting for faster chips – they are waiting for machines that compute in a fundamentally different way.
A multi-institution team, emerging from the Telluride Neuromorphic and Cognition Engineering workshop in Colorado, and the Bangalore Neuromorphic Engineering Workshop (BNEW) at IISc, has built a neuromorphic computer that combines quantum-tunnelling physics with a brain-inspired architecture to find solutions to hard mathematical problems. Published in Nature Communications, the work introduces a new direction in quantum-inspired computing built on CMOS technology.
Today, AI models may have the capability to write novels and even steer a spacecraft. But give them a logistics network, a microchip to route, or a cryptographic lock, and they stall. These are combinatorial problems – among the most consequential unsolved frontiers in computing. The new study suggests that a neuromorphic autoencoder with a Fowler-Nordheim annealer can solve these problems at scale, with a guarantee of asymptotic convergence to the optimal solution.
Such an autoencoder does not simply compute a solution – it searches for one, the way natural processes navigate a complex energy landscape to settle into stability.
For decades, Moore’s law delivered the exponential gains that made “buy a faster computer” a viable strategy for tackling complex problems. But that era is approaching its limits. The next order of magnitude will not come from smaller process nodes, rather from architectures that think and compute differently.
The collaborative study was led by Shantanu Chakrabartty, Professor at Washington University in St Louis, whose research group has been investigating Fowler-Nordheim based neuromorphic architectures for many years. The team includes Chetan Singh Thakur, Professor at the Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, IISc. Other institutions involved in this research include Heidelberg University in Germany, The Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore and The University of California in Santa Cruz.
This work therefore represents a community of neuromorphic engineers from around the globe, who regularly meet and brainstorm ideas at the Bangalore Neuromorphic Engineering Workshop in Asia, the Telluride Neuromorphic Engineering Workshop in the Americas, and the CapoCaccia Neuromorphic Workshop in Europe. Together, they are shaping a new generation of machines designed for the hardest problems in computing.
REFERENCE:Ahsan F, Maiti S, Chen Z, Kaiser J, Nandi A, Srivatsav M, Schemmel J, Andreou AG, Eshraghian J, Thakur CS, Chakrabartty S, Higher-order neuromorphic Ising machines—autoencoders and Fowler-Nordheim annealers are all you need for scalability, Nature Communications (2026).https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-71937-4
WEBSITE:https://labs.dese.iisc.ac.in/neuronics/
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The Indian Institute of Science is structured around extensive administrative and academic frameworks, including leadership roles such as the Director, various Deans, registrars, and various administrative and finance bodies. The institution features diverse academic divisions encompassing Biological Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Electrical, Electronics, and Computer Sciences (EECS), Interdisciplinary Sciences, Mechanical Sciences, Physical and Mathematical Sciences, and the Tata IISc Medical School. The educational offerings include a four-year Bachelor of Science(Research) and Bachelor of Technology programs, alongside continuing education components, and systems like the Academic Bank of Credits and the ABC @ IISc. The institute maintains a rich history, evidenced by various awards, such as the Jaya-Jayant Award and the Prof. S. K. Chatterjee Award, and hosts numerous lectures, including Memorial Lectures and Endowment Lectures, emphasizing a commitment to scholarly pursuits.
The campus encompasses various facilities and student amenities, including student corners, hostels, gymkhana, health centers, auditoria, and internal committees for student welfare, such as the Internal Committee Against Sexual Harassment (ICASH) and mechanisms for addressing caste-based discrimination. Academic administration provides specific handbooks and information for students regarding fee structures, migration, and student codes of conduct.
The research profile of the institute is marked by significant achievements, including initiatives related to climate change, and recognized awards. The institute engages in various research activities through dedicated departments, centres, and autonomous societies. The research focus areas are broad, touching upon contemporary scientific challenges.
A specific piece of advanced research highlights a novel approach to computation. A multi-institution team, collaborating with the Bangalore Neuromorphic Engineering Workshop (BNEW) at IISc, has developed a neuromorphic computer that integrates quantum-tunnelling physics with a brain-inspired architecture. This work demonstrates a neuromorphic autoencoder combined with a Fowler-Nordheim annealer capable of rapidly exploring complex energy landscapes, enabling the discovery of near-optimal solutions for hard mathematical problems like protein folding. This research suggests that neuromorphic machines can solve combinatorial problems—such as those in logistics networks or cryptography—at scale, offering asymptotic convergence to optimal solutions. The study was led by Shantanu Chakrabartty and involves collaboration with institutions including Heidelberg University, Johns Hopkins University, and the University of California in Santa Cruz, positioning the work within a global community of neuromorphic engineers. This accomplishment underlines a shift in computing paradigms, suggesting that future exponential gains will stem from fundamentally different architectures rather than solely from miniaturization. |