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BurntSushi/biff
masterBranchesTagsGo to fileCodeOpen more actions menuFolders and filesNameNameLast commit messageLast commit dateLatest commit History31 Commits31 Commits.cargo.cargo .github.github cici pkg/windowspkg/windows srcsrc teststests .gitignore.gitignore .rgignore.rgignore COMPARISON.mdCOMPARISON.md COPYINGCOPYING Cargo.lockCargo.lock Cargo.tomlCargo.toml GUIDE.mdGUIDE.md LICENSE-MITLICENSE-MIT README.mdREADME.md UNLICENSEUNLICENSE build.rsbuild.rs rustfmt.tomlrustfmt.toml View all filesRepository files navigationREADMEUnlicense licenseLicenseMIT licenseBiff
A command line tool for datetime arithmetic, parsing, formatting and more.
Dual-licensed under MIT or the UNLICENSE.
Documentation
The user guide should be your first stop for understanding the high level
concepts that Biff deals with. Otherwise, consult biff --help or
biff <sub-command> --help for more specific details.
Alternatively, there is a comparison between other similar tools that might
give you a quick sense of what Biff is like.
Brief Examples
Print the current time:
$ biff
Sat, May 10, 2025, 8:02:04 AM EDT
TipIf you get output like 2025 M05 10, Mon 08:02:04 instead, that's because
you likely don't have locale support support configured. That
requires setting BIFF_LOCALE and using a GitHub release binary or building
Biff with the locale feature enabled.
Print the current time in a format of your choosing:
$ biff time fmt -f rfc3339 now
2025-05-10T08:08:30.101066734-04:00
$ biff time fmt -f rfc9557 now
2025-05-10T08:08:33.420946447-04:00[America/New_York]
$ biff time fmt -f '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z' now
2025-05-10 08:08:48 EDT
Print multiple relative times in one command:
$ biff time fmt -f '%c' now -1d 'next sat' 'last monday' '9pm last mon'
Sat, May 10, 2025, 10:44:39 AM EDT
Fri, May 9, 2025, 10:44:39 AM EDT
Sat, May 17, 2025, 10:44:39 AM EDT
Mon, May 5, 2025, 10:44:39 AM EDT
Mon, May 5, 2025, 9:00:00 PM EDT
Print the current time in another time zone, and round it the nearest 15 minute
increment:
$ biff time in Asia/Bangkok now | biff time round -i 15 -s minute
2025-05-10T19:15:00+07:00[Asia/Bangkok]
Add a duration to the current time:
$ biff time add -1w now
2025-05-03T10:34:30.819577918-04:00[America/New_York]
$ biff time add '1 week, 12 hours ago' now
2025-05-02T22:34:44.114109514-04:00[America/New_York]
$ biff time add 6mo now
2025-11-10T10:34:49.023321635-05:00[America/New_York]
Find the duration since a date in the past and round it to the desired
precision:
$ biff span since 2025-01-20T12:00
2636h 1m 21s 324ms 691µs 216ns
$ biff span since 2025-01-20T12:00 -l year
3mo 20d 21h 1m 25s 171ms 886µs 534ns
$ biff span since 2025-01-20T12:00 | biff span round -l year -s day
3mo 18d
$ biff span since 2025-01-20T12:00 | biff span round -l day -s day
110d
Find timestamps in a log file and reformat them into your local time in place:
$ head -n3 /tmp/access.log
2025-04-30T05:25:14Z INFO http.log.access.log0 handled request
2025-04-30T05:25:17Z INFO http.log.access.log0 handled request
2025-04-30T05:25:18Z INFO http.log.access.log0 handled request
$ biff tag lines /tmp/access.log | biff time in system | biff time fmt -f '%c' | head -n3 | biff untag -s
Wed, Apr 30, 2025, 1:25:14 AM EDT INFO http.log.access.log0 handled request
Wed, Apr 30, 2025, 1:25:17 AM EDT INFO http.log.access.log0 handled request
Wed, Apr 30, 2025, 1:25:18 AM EDT INFO http.log.access.log0 handled request
Generate a sequence of the next 5 days that are Monday, Wednesday or Friday
at a specific time, and then format them in your locale:
$ biff time seq day today -c5 -H 9 -w mon,wed,fri | biff time fmt -f '%c'
Mon, May 12, 2025, 9:00:00 AM EDT
Wed, May 14, 2025, 9:00:00 AM EDT
Fri, May 16, 2025, 9:00:00 AM EDT
Mon, May 19, 2025, 9:00:00 AM EDT
Wed, May 21, 2025, 9:00:00 AM EDT
Print every day remaining in the current month:
$ biff time seq daily --until $(biff time end-of month now) today
2025-05-10T00:00:00-04:00[America/New_York]
2025-05-11T00:00:00-04:00[America/New_York]
2025-05-12T00:00:00-04:00[America/New_York]
2025-05-13T00:00:00-04:00[America/New_York]
[.. snip ..]
Find the last weekday in each of the next 12 months and print them in a
succinct format:
$ biff time seq -c12 monthly -w mon,tue,wed,thu,fri --set-position -1 | biff time fmt -f '%a, %Y-%m-%d'
Fri, 2025-05-30
Mon, 2025-06-30
Thu, 2025-07-31
Fri, 2025-08-29
Tue, 2025-09-30
Fri, 2025-10-31
Fri, 2025-11-28
Wed, 2025-12-31
Fri, 2026-01-30
Fri, 2026-02-27
Tue, 2026-03-31
Thu, 2026-04-30
Or print the second Tuesday of each month until the end of the year:
$ biff time seq monthly -w 2-tue --until $(biff time end-of year now) | biff time fmt -f '%a, %F'
Tue, 2025-05-13
Tue, 2025-06-10
Tue, 2025-07-08
Tue, 2025-08-12
Tue, 2025-09-09
Tue, 2025-10-14
Tue, 2025-11-11
Tue, 2025-12-09
Finally, this command will get the last commit date on each file in a git
repository, sort them in ascending order, format the datetime to a fixed-width
format and then print the data in a tabular format:
$ git ls-files \
| biff tag exec git log -n1 --format='%aI' \
| biff time sort \
| biff time fmt -f '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z' \
| biff untag -f '{tag}\t{data}'
[.. snip ..]
2025-05-05 21:54:09 -0400 src/tz/timezone.rs
2025-05-05 21:54:09 -0400 src/tz/tzif.rs
2025-05-05 22:06:38 -0400 Cargo.toml
2025-05-05 22:06:38 -0400 crates/jiff-static/Cargo.toml
2025-05-07 18:55:23 -0400 scripts/test-various-feature-combos
2025-05-07 18:55:23 -0400 src/error.rs
2025-05-08 08:38:22 -0400 src/tz/system/mod.rs
2025-05-08 16:52:55 -0400 crates/jiff-icu/Cargo.toml
2025-05-08 16:52:55 -0400 crates/jiff-icu/src/lib.rs
To see more examples, check out the user guide or the comparison between
Biff and other datetime command line tools.
Installation
The binary name for Biff is biff. It is also on
crates.io under the name biff-datetime-cli.
Archives of precompiled binaries for Biff are available for Windows,
macOS and Linux. Linux and
Windows binaries are static executables.
Alternatively, if you're a Rust programmer, Biff can be installed with
cargo. Note that the binary may be bigger than expected because it contains
debug symbols. This is intentional. To remove debug symbols and therefore
reduce the file size, run strip on the binary.
cargo install biff-datetime-cli
Or, if you want locale support (which is enabled in the
binaries distributed on GitHub), then install with the locale feature
enabled:
cargo install biff-datetime-cli --features locale
Biff as a library
There is relatively little datetime logic inside of Biff proper.
(Except for its RFC 5545 implementation, which may eventually move
out to a library.) Most of the datetime logic is instead provided by
Jiff. Additionally, localization is
provided by ICU4X and integrated with Jiff via
jiff-icu.
WARNING
I may ship arbitrary and capricious breaking changes at this point. You have
been warned.
Also, no compatibility with date is intended. This is not a drop-in
replacement. It is not intended to be. It never will be. And it doesn't give
a hoot about POSIX (other than the TZ environment variable). If you need a
date compatible program, then go use an implementation of POSIX date.
With that said, Biff's biff time fmt command generally supports a strftime
syntax that has a large amount of compatibility with GNU date.
If you have use cases serviced by date that aren't possible with Biff, I'd
like to hear about them.
Motivation
I built this tool primarily as a way to expose some of the library
functionality offered by Jiff on the
command line. I was after a succinct way to format datetimes or do arithmetic.
So I built this tool.
date is one of those commands that I use infrequently enough, and its flags
and behavior is weird enough, that I constantly have to re-read its manual in
order to use it effectively. So perhaps there is room for improvement there.
As I progressed in constructing this tool, I quickly found it somewhat limited
by the fact that the only data it could process was datetimes. To make Biff
much more versatile, I added a biff tag command that looks for datetimes in
arbitrary data and wraps them up into a JSON lines format. It's unclear to me
how broadly useful folks will find this functionality, but other datetime
utilities don't seem to have it.
I also wanted to use Jiff in "anger," and in particular, as part of confidently
getting it to a 1.0 state. Is its performance acceptable? Are there APIs
missing that are needed for real world programs? And so on. For example,
because of my development on Biff, I added a way to hook ICU4X localization
into Jiff's jiff::fmt::strtime APIs.
Building
Biff is written in Rust, so you'll need to grab a
Rust installation in order to compile it.
To build Biff:
git clone https://github.com/BurntSushi/biff
cd biff
cargo build --release
./target/release/biff --version
Additionally, optional locale support can be built with Biff by enabling the
locale feature:
cargo build --release --features locale
Biff can be built with the musl target on Linux by first installing the musl
library on your system (consult your friendly neighborhood package manager).
Then you just need to add musl support to your Rust toolchain and rebuild
Biff, which yields a fully static executable:
rustup target add x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
cargo build --release --target x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
Applying the --features locale flag from above should also work.
Running tests
To run both unit tests and integration tests, use:
cargo test
from the repository root. If you're hacking on Biff and need to change or
add tests, Biff makes heavy use of cargo insta for snapshot testing. For
example, to run tests with Insta, use:
cargo insta test
And if there are any snapshots to review, you can review them via:
cargo insta review
About
A command line tool for datetime arithmetic, parsing, formatting and more.
Topics
rust
cli
time
command-line
datetime
date
timezone
zone
iana
strftime
time-zone
rfc-5545
strptime
jiff
recurrence-rule
Resources
Readme
License
Unlicense and 2 other licenses found
Licenses found
Unlicense
UNLICENSE
Unknown
COPYING
MIT
LICENSE-MIT
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Biff is a command line tool developed by BurntSushi designed to facilitate complex datetime operations, including arithmetic, parsing, and formatting. The tool is dual-licensed under the MIT or UNLICENSE, reflecting an open-source approach to its utility. Fundamentally, Biff serves as a user-friendly interface to expose the functionality of underlying libraries, primarily Jiff, via the command line, aiming to provide a more succinct method for handling time compared to the often complex and unintuitive behavior of standard date commands.
The tool offers a wide range of specific capabilities demonstrated through various command-line examples. It allows users to print the current time, format it according to various specifications, such as rfc3339 or rfc9557, or use custom format strings. Biff supports advanced temporal manipulation, enabling users to add or subtract durations from a reference time, handle calculations involving relative time spans, and perform time zone conversions with options for rounding to specific increments, such as fifteen minutes. Furthermore, it supports sophisticated date sequencing, allowing for the generation of future dates based on specific recurring patterns, like selecting only Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, or identifying specific dates within a given time frame. Practical applications include processing log files, where Biff can extract timestamps and reformat them directly into a chosen local time format. It also provides functionality to analyze temporal sequences, such as finding the last weekday in successive months or the second Tuesday of each month up to the end of the year. A notable capability is the ability to process git repository data, allowing users to extract the last commit dates from files, sort them, and present this information in a structured, fixed-width tabular format.
The architecture of Biff integrates several components to achieve its functionality. While Biff itself handles the command-line interface and orchestration, the core datetime logic is largely provided by Jiff. Localization capabilities are integrated through the use of ICU4X, which is hooked into Jiff via the jiff-icu library. This integration allows Biff to handle internationalization effectively. The developers made specific design choices regarding compatibility, warning that Biff is not intended to be a direct, drop-in replacement for POSIX date implementations, as it does not offer full guarantees regarding date compatibility.
In terms of development and deployment, Biff is written in the Rust programming language. It can be compiled using standard Cargo procedures, and for increased portability, optional locale support can be enabled during compilation. The project offers various build options, including static executables for Linux and Windows, and specialized static builds targeting the musl target for Linux environments. The motivation behind creating Biff stems from the desire to streamline time manipulation by addressing the perceived limitations and complexity of existing time utilities, and to ensure the robustness of the underlying Jiff implementation by incorporating necessary features and ensuring performance within real-world programming scenarios. |