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Chess Atlas

Recorded: Sept. 20, 2026, 7:09 a.m.

Original Summarized

Gallery — The Design of Chess

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THE DESIGN OF CHESS
120+ images · 1,300 years · 6 materials

Ivory & Bone
c. 700 AD – 1900

Afrasiab Chessmen
c. 700 AD

Charlemagne Chessmen
c. 1080–1120

Charlemagne Knight
c. 1080–1120

Charlemagne Queen
c. 1080–1120

Charlemagne Pawn
c. 1080–1120

Lewis Chessmen — Warder
c. 1150–1200

Lewis Chessmen — Berserker
c. 1150–1200

Lewis Chessmen — Group
c. 1150–1200

Lewis Chessmen — Museum
c. 1150–1200

Walrus Ivory King
Medieval

Walrus Ivory Knight
Medieval

Afrasiab · Charlemagne · Lewis · Vizagapatam · Northern Upright
The oldest surviving chess pieces. From abstract 7th-century Samarkand to the expressive Lewis Chessmen of Norse origin, through ornate Indian export sets and Chinese puzzle balls. Ivory was the material of courts and conquerors.

Ivory Knight
c. 1510

Vizagapatam Export Chess
c. 1750–1850

Indian Chessmen
c. 1750–1850

Indian Ivory Detail
c. 1750–1850

Met Chess Set
c. 1800

Ager Chessmen
c. 1050–1100

Chinese Puzzle Ball
19th Century

Northern Upright
19th Century

Northern Upright Slender
19th Century

Puzzle Ball — George II
c. 1740s

Wood
1616 – 2000

Selenus Pattern
1616

Selenus Detail
1616

Régence Pattern
c. 1715–1850

Barleycorn Pattern
c. 1800–1849

Staunton Chess Set
1849

Original Jaques Staunton
1849

Staunton Opening
1849

Man Ray Chess Set
1920–1926

Bauhaus Chess Set
1924

Bauhaus — Walker Gallery
1924

Hartwig Detail
1924

Hartwig Pieces
1924

Hartwig Complete
1924

Max Ernst
1944

Selenus · Staunton · Man Ray · Hartwig · Ernst · Calvert · St. George
The material of standardisation. From Selenus’s 1616 treatise through the Régence, St. George, and Barleycorn patterns to Nathaniel Cook’s 1849 Staunton, which became the universal standard. Then the modernists: Man Ray, Hartwig at the Bauhaus, Max Ernst.

Max Ernst Pieces
1944

Régence Match
c. 1715–1850

Jaques Staunton Original
1849

Tournament Set
Wood

Met Chess Board
Wood

Calvert Chess
19th Century

Calvert Chessmen
19th Century

Calvert Board
19th Century

Calvert Pattern
19th Century

St. George Chessmen
19th Century

St. George Detail
19th Century

St. George Men
19th Century

St. George Style
19th Century

Ceramic & Porcelain
12th C – 1900s

Persian Chess Set
c. 12th Century

Persian Rook
c. 12th Century

Persian Bishop
c. 12th Century

Persian King
c. 12th Century

Persian Knight
c. 12th Century

Sasanian · Persian · Meissen · Kändler · Esser · Wedgwood
From ancient Persian and Sasanian abstract forms, among the earliest known chess pieces, to Meissen under Kändler and Esser, and Wedgwood’s neoclassical jasperware. Clay was chess’s first medium; porcelain became its most precious.

Sasanian Agate
Ancient

Sasanian Ceramic
Ancient

Meissen Seetiere
1717–1930s

Meissen Kändler
18th Century

Wedgwood
c. 1780s

Metal
1920 – present

Man Ray — MoMA
1920–1926

Alexander Calder
c. 1944

Bobby Fischer
1972

Bobby Fischer
1960

Fischer vs Spassky — G5
1972

Fischer vs Spassky — G13
1972

Fischer — Amsterdam
Metal

Bobby Fischer
1972

Gehry / Tiffany
2012

Gehry / Tiffany Detail
2012

Gehry / Tiffany Forms
2012

Man Ray · Calder · Fischer · Gehry · Hadid · Skyline Chess
The century of artists and architects. Man Ray’s geometric brass, Calder’s wire sculptures, Fischer’s legendary 1972 match against Spassky. Then Gehry for Tiffany, Zaha Hadid’s parametric towers, Skyline Chess’s city skylines cast in metal.

Gehry / Tiffany Pieces
2012

Zaha Hadid
2014

Zaha Hadid — Silver
2014

Zaha Hadid — Red
2014

Skyline Chess — NYC
2016–present

Skyline Chess — Premium
2016–present

Tournament Staunton
1972

Calder Detail
c. 1944

Fischer–Spassky Set
1972

Fischer–Spassky Detail
1972

Fischer–Spassky Pieces
1972

Crystal & Glass
1944 – 2014

Isamu Noguchi
1944

Noguchi Chess Set
1944

Noguchi Table
1944

Noguchi Pieces
1944

Noguchi Set
1944

Swarovski Crystal
1984–2007

Swarovski Detail
1984–2007

Murano Glass
1960s–present

Murano Detail
1960s–present

Noguchi · Swarovski · Murano · Nendo / Baccarat
Transparency as concept. Noguchi’s Lucite pieces for “The Imagery of Chess” exhibition, Swarovski’s precision-cut crystal, Murano’s hand-blown tradition, and Nendo’s radical reimagining of Baccarat’s Harcourt glass.

Murano Pieces
1960s–present

Nendo / Baccarat
2014

Nendo / Baccarat Detail
2014

Nendo / Baccarat Pieces
2014

Nendo Sketch
2014

Mixed & Conceptual
1943 – present

Dalí — Fingers Chess
1964–1968

Dalí — Board
1964–1968

Dalí — Pieces
1964–1968

Dalí — Detail
1964–1968

Marcel Duchamp
1943

Duchamp Playing
1943

Duchamp Pocket Chess
1943

Yoko Ono — Play It By Trust
1966

Yoko Ono — Detail
1966

LEGO Chess Set
2012–present

Yoom Chess Set
Mixed & Conceptual

Yoom Chess
Mixed & Conceptual

Yoom Pieces
Mixed & Conceptual

Yoom Board
Mixed & Conceptual

Yoom Overview
Mixed & Conceptual

Yoom Close-up
Mixed & Conceptual

Peter Ganine
c. 1947

Michael Graves
2000

Graves Detail
2000

Graves Pieces
2000

Graves Overview
2000

Graves Board
2000

Duchamp · Dalí · Ono · Hirst · Whiteread · Kruger · Emin · Kusama
Chess as art object. Duchamp quit art for chess. Dalí cast surreal fingers. Yoko Ono made both sides white. The RS&A “Art of Chess” commissions brought in Hirst, Whiteread, Kruger, and Emin. Plus Graves, Rashid, Hermès, Kusama, LEGO.

Graves Complete
2000

Hermès
2014

Hermès Detail
2014

Hermès Pieces
2014

Kusama Pumpkin Chess
Mixed & Conceptual

Kusama Chess
Mixed & Conceptual

Kusama Detail
Mixed & Conceptual

Kusama Pieces
Mixed & Conceptual

LEGO Detail
2012–present

LEGO Pieces
2012–present

LEGO Kingdoms
2012–present

LEGO Pirates
2012–present

Karim Rashid
2004

Rashid Detail
2004

Rachel Whiteread
2003

Whiteread Detail
2003

Whiteread Pieces
2003

Damien Hirst
2003

Hirst Detail
2003

Barbara Kruger
2003

Kruger Detail
2003

Tracey Emin
2003

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The design of chess extends over a vast timeline, marked by changes in materials, artistic influence, and conceptual reinterpretation. Early representations, dating back to approximately the 700 AD, utilized materials such as ivory and bone for chessmen, exemplified by artifacts like the Afrasiab and Charlemagne pieces. The evolution of chess pieces reflects shifts in courtly and conquering aesthetics, with pieces from Lewis Chessmen showcasing early ornamental design. The material history spans from ivory, which was favored by courts and conquerors, through wood, where patterns like Selenus, Régence, and Barleycorn influenced board design.

The medium of ceramic and porcelain emerged as an important artistic phase, rooted in ancient Persian and Sasanian abstract forms, which represent some of the earliest known chess pieces. This tradition continued through workshops like Meissen, where designs were refined by Kändler and Esser, and through Wedgwood’s neoclassical jasperware, establishing clay as an initial medium for chess representation before porcelain became highly valued.

The standardization of chess design was significantly advanced in the nineteenth century. The emergence of the Staunton Chess Set in 1849, followed by the original Jaques Staunton design, established a universal standard that influenced subsequent developments. This period also saw the emergence of novel board designs, such as the Met Chess Board, and the introduction of patterned wood designs.

The twentieth century brought significant transformations through the incorporation of modern art and industrial materials. Artistic figures such as Max Ernst, alongside designers from the Bauhaus, were involved in the transition of formalized aesthetics. In the realm of metal, the focus shifted to contemporary artistic expressions; figures like Man Ray, Alexander Calder, and Bobby Fischer are noted alongside architects such as Gehry and Zaha Hadid, whose geometric and parametric forms inspired conceptual chess pieces based on city skylines.

Further material innovation occurred with crystal and glass, where artists like Isamu Noguchi created sets and tables, exploring transparency as a core concept. This movement incorporated techniques from Murano glass and the reimagining of historical glasswork, exemplified by Nendo and Baccarat pieces.

A separate trajectory involves mixed and conceptual approaches, where artists and designers deconstructed the object itself. Influences from figures like Dalí, Marcel Duchamp, and Yoko Ono led to works like Dalí’s fingers chess and conceptual pieces. Later developments incorporated modern materials such as LEGO bricks, allowing for conceptual and playful redefinitions of chess entities. This conceptual era also involved commissioned works by figures like Damien Hirst, Barbara Kruger, and Tracey Emin, positioning chess as an object within broader art discourse. The historical progression demonstrates a continuous interplay between material culture, standardization, and artistic imagination in shaping the visual identity of the game.